Science research project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Science project - Research Paper Example The completely randomised design was used to remove biasness among the different income groups surveyed. From the study it was clear that the 75,000 – 100,000 income groups had the highest level of information on peak oil while least information about the same was found in income groups below 75,000. However, income group over 100,000 had little information about the same but not as little as the income group below 75,000. Generally it was concluded from the results that no relationship existed between the willingness to purchase oil and the level of awareness of peak oil, hence the null hypothesis was adopted. This study recommends a new line of research open to others interested in the same to find out the relatedness of oil prices to income at household level and its effect on the same. (Mark, 1999) There has been a considerable increase in the price of fuel all over the globe and the United States is no exception. There is therefore, a likeliness of close observation of oil and gasoline prices by the US consumers; this is because they had paid more than what they had anticipated. This research tried to shed light into the factors which were responsible for the price change, its effect on the economy and the alternatives that the consumers preferred most. This work will also provide an insight into the consumption of gasoline between the years 2006 and 2011. The uses focused majorly on industries, commercial and residential sectors. This will be helpful in describing the pattern of gas consumption in the US. Information was provided by statistical method on the past few decades’ oil production and a comparison was made to the demand over the same period. Survey monkey was used to collect data and analysis was done by Excel program to come up with the comparison between the different parameters of study (amount people are willing to pay, awareness of peak price and best alternatives

Book review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Book review - Essay Example After her sister Rosa dies from being poisoned, Clara becomes a hermit. Esteban, Rosa’s fiance, is busy making a fortune and sexually exploiting peasant girls because he feels that he is entitled to due to his financial status. Upon deciding to visit the old del Valle house, Esteban meets Clara and they quickly become engaged and marry. After they are married, Ferula, Esteban’s sister, moves in with them. A year later, Esteban and Clara give birth to their first child, a daughter named Blanca, who, as she gets older, falls in love with Pedro Tercero. By the end of that summer, Clara finds herself to be pregnant with twins, boys to be named Jaime and Nicolas. Before the birth of her boys, Clara’s parents die in a car accident, resulting in the beheading of her mother, Nivea. Clara isn’t immediately told of what has happened to Nivea, in fear of complications with her pregnancy, but she still finds out. She sets out to find the head, aided by Ferula. During this devastating time, Ferula and Clara become really close; eventually, Ferula and Esteban are fighting for Clara’s attention and love. One day, Esteban comes home to find Ferula and Clara in bed together, and he hastily kicks Ferula out of the house, but not before she can curse him with a lonely life. As time goes on, Blanca and Pedro’s love deepens, though they know that Blanca’s father would never approve, as Pedro is from a different class. Years later, Esteban finds out about his daughter’s love affair by Jean de Satigny, who only wants to secure himself in Esteban’s financial life either as his business partner or his son-in-law. In an attempt to separate his daughter from her lover, Esteban tries to kill Pedro, harming his own wife in the process, who then establishes a silent relationship between her and her husband. However, years down the road,

Normal And Inferior Goods And Examples Economics Essay

Normal And Inferior Goods And Examples Economics Essay A microeconomic law that states that, all other factors being equal, as the price of a good or service increases, consumer demand for the good or service will decrease and vice versa.   Law Of Demand This law summarizes the effect price changes have on consumer behavior. For example, a consumer will purchase more pizzas if the price of pizza falls. The opposite is true if the price of pizza increases.   people generally buy more of a good when the price is low and less of it when the price is high. This is a general rule that applies to most goods called normal goods. As the price of a normal good increases, people buy less of it because they are usually able to switch to cheaper goods. Normal and Inferior Goods and Its Examples Normal goods can be defined as those goods for which demand increases when the income of the consumer increases and falls when income of the consumer decreases, price of the goods remaining constant. Examples of normal goods are demand of LCD and plasma television, demand for more expensive cars, branded clothes, expensive houses, diamonds etc†¦ increases when the income of the consumers increases. To the opposite side of normal goods are the inferior goods. It is defined as those goods the demand for which decreases when the income of the consumer increases. Examples of inferior goods are consumption of breads or cereals and since the income of the consumer increases he moved towards consumption of more nutritious foods and hence demand for low priced product like bread or cereal decreases. Another example can be of use of public transportation, when income is low people use more of public transportation which is not the case when their income increases. Hence from the above one can see that other things remaining constant as the income of consumer increases demand for normal goods will increase and demand for inferior goods decrease and vice versa. GIFFEN GOODS In economics, a giffen good is an inferior good with the unique characteristic that an increase in price actually increases the quantity of the good that is demanded.   This provides the unusual result of an upward sloping demand curve. This phenomenon is notable because it violates the law of demand, whereby demand should increase as price falls and decrease as price rises. For example-consumption of bread increased as its price increased.as bread is a staple food for low income consumers.A rise in its price would not stop people from buying as much as before.But poor people would now have so little extra money to spend on meat or other luxury foods that they would abandon on their demand for these and instead buy more bread to fill up their stomachs.the result was that a rise in the price of bread led to a rise in the demand for bread. This happens because of the interactions of the income and substitution effects.   SUBSTITUTION EFFECT : if the price of a good rises, consumers will buy less of that good and more of others because it is now relatively more expensive than other goods. If the price of good falls, consumers will buy more of that good and less of others. These changes in quantity demanded due to the relative change in prices are known as substitution effectof a price change. INCOME EFFECT : If the price of a good rise, the real income of consumers will fall. They will not be able to buy the same basket of goods and services as before.Consumers can react to this fall in real income in one of the two ways.if the good is a normal good,they will buy less of the good. If the good is an inferior good, they will buy more good.these changes in quantity demanded caused by a change in real income is known as income effect. For an inferior good, the substitution effect and income effect work in opposite directions.A rise in price leads to a fall in quantity demanded because the relative price of the good has risen.but it leads to a rise in quantity demanded because consumers real income have fallen. However, the substitution effect outweighs the income effect because overall it is still true for an inferior good that a rise in price leads to an overall fall in quantity demanded. A Giffen Good is a special type of inferior good. A rise in price leads to a fall in quantity demanded because of the substitution effect but a rise in quantity demanded because of the income effect.However, the income effect outweighs the substitution effect, leading to rises in quantity demanded. Depending on whether the good is inferior or normal, the income effect can be positive or negative as the price of a good increases. .The interesting thing about a giffen good, is that when the price of a giffen good rises, the income effect is greater than the substitution effect.   So if a good is inferior, the income effect will be positive and larger than the negative value from the substitution effect.   A giffen good faces an upward sloping demand curve because the income effect dominates the substitution effect, meaning that quantity demanded increases as price rises C:UsersadminDesktopassignmentWhat is a giffen good, an example with graphs_filesgiffen+good.png Type Of Good Substitution Effect Income Effect Total Effect Normal good Fall Fall Fall Inferior Good Fall Rise Fall because substitution effect > income effect Giffen Good Fall Rise Rise because substitution effect MR, then P > MC is also true.  Ã‚  A monopolist charges a higher price than would competitive producers selling in the same market.   Profit Maximization Under Monopoly Q MC ATC MR P Profit Clearly, the price elasticity of demand plays a crucial role in monopoly price setting. As long as demand is elastic, total revenue will rise when the monopoly lowers its price, but this will not be true when demand becomes inelastic. Therefore, the monopolist will expand output only in the elastic portion of its demand curve. As monopoly is a form of imperfect market organization, there is no difference between firm and industry. A monopoly firm is said to be an industry. Thus monopoly means the absence of competition. There are strong barriers to entry into the industry. As a result, seller has full control over the supply of the commodity. Features of Monopoly: 1. One seller and large number of buyers: Monopoly is a form of imperfect market structure where there is only one seller of a product. A monopoly firm may be owned by a person, a few numbers of partners or a joint stock company. The characteristic feature of single seller eliminates the distinction between the firm and the industry. A monopolist firm is itself the industry. Under monopoly there are large numbers of buyers although the seller is one. No buyers reaction can influence the price. 2. No close substitute: Under monopoly a single producer produces single commodities which have no close substitute. As the commodity in question has no close substitute, the monopolist is at liberty to change a price according to his own whimsy. Monopoly can not exist when there is competition. A firm is said, to be monopolist only when it is the single producer and supplier of the product which have no close substitute. Under monopoly the cross elasticity of demand is zero. Cross elasticity of demand shows a change in the demand for a good as a result of change in the price of another good. 3. Strong barriers to the entry into the industry exist: In a monopoly market there is strong barrier on the entry of new firms. Monopolist faces no competition. As there is one firm no other rival producers can enter the market of the same product. Since the monopolist has absolute control over the production and sale of the commodity certain economic barriers are imposed on the entry of potential rivals. 4. Nature of demand curve: In case of monopoly one firm constitutes the whole industry. The entire demand of the consumers for a product goes to the monopolist. Since the demand curve of the individual consumers lopes downward, the monopolist faces a downward sloping demand curve. A monopolist can sell more of his output only at a lower price and can reduce the sale at a high price. The downward sloping demand curve expresses that the price (AR) goes on falling ns sales are increased. In monopoly AR curve slopes downward mid MR curve lies below AR curve. Demand curve under monopoly la otherwise known as average revenue curve. 5. Homogeneous Product A monopoly firm manufactures a commodity that has no close substitute and is a homogeneous product. With the absence of availability of a substitute, the buyer is bound to purchase what is available at the tagged price. For instance: there is no substitute for railways as the bulk carrier. Thus, to be the sole seller, in the monopolistic setup, a unique product must be produced 6. Price Discrimination Price discrimination can be defined as the practice by a seller of charging different prices from different buyers for the same good or service. A monopolist has the leverage to carry out price discrimination as he is the market and acts as per his suitability. 7. Price Elasticity With regards to the demand of the product or service offered by the monopolizing company or individual, the price elasticity to absolute value ratio is dictated by price increase and market demand. It is not uncommon to see surplus and/or a loss categorized as deadweight within a monopoly. The latter refers to gain that evades both, the consumer and the monopolist. Advantages of monopoly Monopoly avoids duplication and hence wastage of resources. A monopoly enjoys economics of scale as it is the only supplier of product or service in the market. The benefits can be passed on to the consumers. Due to the fact that monopolies make lot of profits, it can be used for research and development and to maintain their status as a monopoly. Monopolies may use price discrimination which benefits the economically weaker sections of the society. For example, Indian railways provide discounts to students travelling through its network. Monopolies can afford to invest in latest technology and machinery in order to be efficient and to avoid competition. Disadvantages of monopoly   Poor level of service. No consumer sovereignty. Consumers may be charged high prices for low quality of goods and services. Lack of competition may lead to low quality and out dated goods and services. MONOPOLIST EQUILIBRIUM WITH ZERO MARGINAL COST   Under certain exceptional cases, the cost of additional units of output, i.e., marginal cost (MC) may be equal to zero. With constant value zero of marginal cost, the value of average cost is also constant and is equal to zero. With zero cost of production, the monopolist has only to decide at which output, the total revenue will be maximum. And total revenue is maximum, at the output level at which marginal revenue is equal to zero. Further, with zero marginal cost, the condition of profit maximization, i.e., the equality of marginal cost (MC) and marginal revenue (MR) can be achieved, where the latter is also equal to zero.   Fig.   shows the equilibrium of the monopolist, where marginal cost is equal to zero. E is the point of monopolist equilibrium, where MC cuts MR from below. The equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity at this equilibrium are OP and OQ respectively. Here, total revenue and hence total profits (area OPBE in   fig. ) of the monopolist are maximum. Beyond OQ level of output, MR becomes negative and total revenue starts declining. As explained in Chapter 16 on Market Structure, under heading Relation among AR, MR and Price Elasticity of Demand, Page 485 elasticity of demand on the AR curve corresponding to zero marginal revenue is equal to one. Therefore, with zero cost of production, monopolist equilibrium will be established at a level, where elasticity of demand is unitary. Description: Zero Cost of Production.JPG  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fig. : Monopolist Equilibrium with Zero Cost of Production It is important to note that the monopolist will never produce the output at any level, where MR is negative. If he does so, his total revenue will fall as output increases. He can increase total revenue by reducing the output. In other words, the monopolist can earn larger profits by restricting the output. Further, since MC cannot be negative, equality of MC and MR (equilibrium condition) cannot be achieved, where MR is negative. We know from the relationship among average revenue (AR), marginal revenue (MR) and elasticity of demand7 that when marginal revenue is negative, elasticity of demand is less than one. Therefore, no rational monopolist will produce on that portion of the demand curve, where MR is negative, i.e., the elasticity of demand is less than one? That is why; no monopolist ever operates on the inelastic portion of the average revenue curve or the demand curve. With the positive marginal costs (which is most usually the case), the monopolist fixes his level of output for which MR is also positive, i.e., total revenue rises with increase in the level of output. In other words, the equilibrium will always lie, where elasticity of demand is greater than one. In   fig. , if the price is fixed at point B (middle point of the demand curve), where the elasticity of demand is equal to one, the MC (whether straight line or U-shaped) curve will pass through the MR curve at zero point. Here, both the MC and the MR are zero. It is a rare possibility. Further, below the middle point B of the demand curve, elasticity of demand is less than one. If the price is fixed in this inelastic portion of the demand curve, both the MC and the MR assume negative values, as the point of intersection between them is below point E on the MR curve in   fig. . However, MC can never be negative. Given positive costs, MC curve must cut the MR curve from below at a point, where both the MC and the MR are positive. The equilibrium in this case will be established at a point above E on the MR curve in the figure and the price will be fixed in the elastic portion of the demand curve, i.e., above the middle point of the AR curve in   fig. (source: transtutors.com) Q3)World Economic Outlook The global recovery is threatened by intensifying strains in the euro area and fragilities elsewhere. Financial conditions have deteriorated, growth prospects have dimmed, and downside risks have escalated. Global output is projected to expand by 3 ¼ percent in 2012 (Table 1  and  Figure 1)-a downward revision of about  ¾ percentage point relative to the  September 2011 World Economic Outlook (WEO). This is largely because the euro area economy is now expected to go into a mild recession in 2012 as a result of the rise in sovereign yields, the effects of bank deleveraging on the real economy, and the impact of additional fiscal consolidation. Growth in emerging and developing economies is also expected to slow because of the worsening external environment and a weakening of internal demand. The most immediate policy challenge is to restore confidence and put an end to the crisis in the euro area by supporting growth, while sustaining adjustment, containing deleveraging, and providing more liquidity and monetary accommodation. In other major advanced economies, the key policy requirements are to address medium-term fiscal imbalances and to repair and reform financial systems, while sustaining the recovery. In emerging and developing economies, near-term policy should focus on responding to moderating domestic growth and to slowing external demand from advanced economies. Financial risks escalate, global growth decelerates Global growth prospects dimmed and risks sharply escalated during the fourth quarter of 2011, as the euro area crisis entered a perilous new phase. Activity remained relatively robust throughout the third quarter, with global GDP expanding at an annualized rate of 3 ½ percent-only slightly worse than forecast in the  September 2011 WEO. Growth in the advanced economies surprised on the upside, as consumers in the United States unexpectedly lowered their saving rates and business fixed investment stayed strong. The bounce back from the supply-chain disruptions caused by the March 2011 Japanese earthquake was also stronger than anticipated. Additionally, stabilizing oil prices helped support consumption. These developments, however, are not expected to sustain significant momentum going forward. By contrast, growth in emerging and developing economies slowed more than forecast, possibly due to a greater-than-expected effect of macroeconomic policy tightening or weaker underlying growth. Description: Figure 1 Table 1. Overview of the  World Economic Outlook  Projections (Percent change unless noted otherwise) Year over Year Projections Difference fromSeptember 2011 WEOProjections Q4 over Q4 Estimates Projections 2010 2011 2012 2013 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 World Output  1 5.2 3.8 3.3 3.9 -0.7 -0.6 3.3 3.4 4.0 Advanced Economies 3.2 1.6 1.2 1.9 -0.7 -0.5 1.3 1.3 2.1 United States 3.0 1.8 1.8 2.2 0.0 -0.3 1.8 1.5 2.4 Euro Area 1.9 1.6 -0.5 0.8 -1.6 -0.7 0.8 -0.2 1.2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany 3.6 3.0 0.3 1.5 -1.0 0.0 1.8 0.7 1.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  France 1.4 1.6 0.2 1.0 -1.2 -0.9 0.9 0.5 1.3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Italy 1.5 0.4 -2.2 -0.6 -2.5 -1.1 -0.1 -2.7 0.9   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Spain -0.1 0.7 -1.7 -0.3 -2.8 -2.1 0.2 -2.1 0.6 Japan 4.4 -0.9 1.7 1.6 -0.6 -0.4 -0.9 1.9 1.5 United Kingdom 2.1 0.9 0.6 2.0 -1.0 -0.4 0.8 1.0 2.4 Canada 3.2 2.3 1.7 2.0 -0.2 -0.5 2.1 1.7 2.0 Other Advanced Economies  2 5.8 3.3 2.6 3.4 -1.1 -0.3 2.9 3.2 3.5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Newly Industrialized Asian Economies 8.4 4.2 3.3 4.1 -1.2 -0.3 3.8 4.3 3.8 Emerging and Developing Economies  3 7.3 6.2 5.4 5.9 -0.7 -0.6 5.9 6.0 6.3 Central and Eastern Europe 4.5 5.1 1.1 2.4 -1.6 -1.1 3.4 1.4 3.0 Commonwealth of Independent States 4.6 4.5 3.7 3.8 -0.7 -0.6 3.2 3.5 3.7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Russia 4.0 4.1 3.3 3.5 -0.8 -0.5 3.5 2.8 4.0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Excluding Russia 6.0 5.5 4.4 4.7 -0.7 -0.4 . . . . . . . . . Developing Asia 9.5 7.9 7.3 7.8 -0.7 -0.6 7.4 7.9 7.6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  China 10.4 9.2 8.2 8.8 -0.8 -0.7 8.7 8.5 8.4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  India 9.9 7.4 7.0 7.3 -0.5 -0.8 6.7 6.9 7.2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ASEAN-5  4 6.9 4.8 5.2 5.6 -0.4 -0.2 3.7 7.4 5.0 Latin America and the Caribbean 6.1 4.6 3.6 3.9 -0.4 -0.2 3.9 3.3 5.0   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brazil 7.5 2.9 3.0 4.0 -0.6 -0.2 2.1 3.8 4.1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mexico 5.4 4.1 3.5 3.5 -0.1 -0.2 4.1 3.1 3.6 Middle East and North Africa (MENA)  5 4.3 3.1 3.2 3.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sub-Saharan Africa 5.3 4.9 5.5 5.3 -0.3 -0.2 . . . . . . . . .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  South Africa 2.9 3.1 2.5 3.4 -1.1 -0.6 2.4 3.0 3.7 Memorandum European Union 2.0 1.6 -0.1 1.2 -1.5 -0.7 0.8 0.3 1.7 World Growth Based on Market Exchange Rates 4.1 2.8 2.5 3.2 -0.7 -0.4 . . . . . . . . . World Trade Volume (goods and services) 12.7 6.9 3.8 5.4 -2.0 -1.0 . . . . . . . . . Imports   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advanced Economies 11.5 4.8 2.0 3.9 -2.0 -0.8 . . . . . . . . .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emerging and Developing Economies 15.0 11.3 7.1 7.7 -1.0 -1.0 . . . . . . . . . Exports   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advanced Economies 12.2 5.5 2.4 4.7 -2.8 -0.8 . . . . . . . . .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emerging and Developing Economies 13.8 9.0 6.1 7.0 -1.7 -1.6 . . . . . . . . . Commodity Prices (U.S. dollars) Oil  6 27.9 31.9 -4.9 -3.6 -1.8 -3.1 . . . . . . . . . Nonfuel (average based on world commodity export weights) 26.3 17.7 -14.0 -1.7 -9.3 2.2 . . . . . . . . . Consumer Prices Advanced Economies 1.6 2.7 1.6 1.3 0.2 -0.1 2.9 1.2 1.3 Emerging and Developing Economies  3 6.1 7.2 6.2 5.5 0.3 0.4 6.5 5.6 4.8 London Interbank Offered Rate (percent)  7 On U.S. Dollar Deposits 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.4 0.3 . . . . . . . . . On Euro Deposits 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.2 -0.1 -0.4 . . . . . . . . . On Japanese Yen Deposits 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.0 . . . . . . . .   (Source www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/update/01/

Comparing Marriage in Eveline and The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Marriage in Eveline and The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At times, a marriage may be motivated by feelings other than romantic love. Themes of alternative motivations for marriage are explored in the literary works, "Eveline" and "The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky". Also, in each of these stories, the decisions of a principle character is greatly influenced, by the opinions of others concerning marriage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sometimes people do not marry to be with one that they love, instead, they marry to flee a place or a person that they dislike. At the age of nineteen, Eveline consented to marry Frank to get away from her job at the Stores and her father.   She thought her comrades at the Stores might call her a fool to run off with Frank to get married and that Miss Gavan would be glad she was gone.   Although she feared her father would become violent because of her marriage, she knew some others would respect her. She planned to explore a new life with Frank in his distant country home, Buenos Aires.   Frank seemed older than Eveline from the stories he had told of his experiences.   Eveline was acting upon impulse to escape.   The more experienced Frank "would save her.   He would give her life, perhaps love, too."   (Joyce 331).   Her mothers life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness (Joyce 331) was reason enough for Evelines sudden need to marry Frank.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eveline weighed questions of her decision up to the last minute.   She struggled with her feelings toward her known life.   As the time for her to leave with Frank approached, she realized that her current life was not all that bad.   Marriage would not be the answer to her dilemma.   She did not go with Frank.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     The people of Yellow Sky knew Sheriff Jack Potter had gone to San Antonio, but did not know why he went nor when he was coming back.   However, Potter had gone "to meet a girl he believed he loved, and there, after the usual prayers, had actually induced her to marry him, without consulting Yellow Sky for any part of the transaction."   (Crane 212).   Potter and his bride were older than the average newly weds during that time period.   They were self conscious because people in the parlor-car stared at them.   Potter began to feel a greater self consciousness about how his town of Yellow Sky would respond to his marriage.

Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction

Course: Research Methodology (BT21603) Lecturer: Dr. Zakariya Belkhamza Name of Members| Matrix Numbers| Signatures| Rachael Ubu| BB11110489| | Nurul Hidayah Binti Ariff| BB11110460| | Annie Thien Li Len| BB11110055| | Nicole Chow Soo Yee| BB11110372| | Surianti Binti Abidin| BB11110579| | Khuzaimah Binti Mohd Nurung| BB11110242| | Jazmiah Jamaluddin| BB11110209| | Mazlinah Binti Majid| BB11110310| | Siti Munirah Bte Abd Malik| BB11160816| | Wang Qin| BB11170684| | 1. 0 Research Topic Factors that affect customer satisfaction in the hotel industry. 2. 0 Research BackgroundThe English word â€Å"hotel† derives from the French word hotel (coming from hote meaning host). It refers to a townhouse which is any building that is frequented by seeing visitors. A hotel is an establishment which provides lodging for a paid short term basis. Kotler (1996) defined customer satisfaction as â€Å"the level of a person’s felt state resulting from comparing a product’s perceive d performance or outcome in violation to his/her own expectations. † The importance of this study is to gain knowledge on customer satisfaction and the problems resulting in lack of customer satisfaction in the hotel industry.According to Alex Hisaka (2011), the importance of customer satisfaction can have an impact on your business and if you don’t start paying attention you’ll lose an opportunity to make a customer happy. Customer satisfaction with hotel properties has been identified as one of the factors leading to the success of a tourist destination (Shih, 1986; Yau and Chan, 1990; Stevens, 1992; Mok et al. , 1995). Research into customer satisfaction in the service industry has increased dramatically in recent years (Peterson and Wilson, 1992). Customer satisfaction has long been an rea of interest in academic research. Hunt (1975) considers satisfaction an evaluation on which the customer have experienced with the services is at least as good as it suppos ed to be. For demographic characteristic, nearly 46 percent of the respondents had stay at Medium- Tariff hotels, 42 percent at High-Tariff â€Å"B† hotels and 12 percent at High-Tariff â€Å"A† hotels. The finding clearly demonstrates that the services encounter or customer-employee interaction is a major determinant affecting travels’ perceptions in relation to service quality, resulting in their likelihood of returning to the same hotel. . 0 Customer Satisfaction Customer Satisfaction * Service Quality * Room Quality * Service Quality * Room Quality Research Framework 4. 1 Research Problem Hotel industries nowadays are facing one of the most important challenge is to provide and maintain customer satisfaction. Kandampully (2000) Service quality has become a factor important in the overall tourism experience and one which ultimately dictates the success of the tourism business. According to Lewis and Booms (1982), service quality is measure of how well the ser vice delivered matches customer’s expectations.A part from that, room qualities also becomes a factor that can influence customer satisfaction in the hotel industry. Room qualities are important considerations for travel in-lodging selection. It includes cleanliness of room, comfort of bed, and quality of in-room temperature control and quietness of room. (Knutson, 1988; Barsky and Labagh, 1992; McClearly and Weaver, 1992; Gilbert and Morris, 1995; Heung et al. , 1996). Positive relationship can make a higher commitment of customers and increase their rate of return.Long term relationship between customers and hotel is becoming more important as the positive correlation between overall satisfaction levels of visitors and their abilty to return to the same hotel. Since most previous research found out that most study on customer satisfaction in hotel industry focused in Hong Kong, United States and other European countries, where there’s a lack of Malaysian study focusi ng in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Therefore, this research will focus on customer satisfaction in hotel industry in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. 4. 0 Research Objective 1.To investigate the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction 2. To investigate the relationship between room quality and customer satisfaction References 1. Choi T. C and Chu. R, 2001, determinant of hotel guests’ satisfaction and repeat patronage in the Hong Kong hotels history. 2. K. s. (kayne) Chan, 1998, journal of hospitality and tourism research. Tutorial 1 Research Methodology 1) What research is all about? 2) Describe the characteristic of scientific method (What is scientific research? ) 3) What is problem statement? How to write a problem statement Answers 1.Research is about doing or making a study in a specific area of interest. According to Saunders, research is defined as something that people undertake in order to find things out in a systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge. 2. Scientific research is the development of a theory that is then tested through a series of propositions. The characteristics of scientific research are that firstly, we would have to create a hypothesis about the relationship between two variables. Second characteristic is that by using the hypothesis, we would have to test it through a series of propositions.Thirdly, we would have to examine the logic of the hypothesis by comparing them with existing hypothesis relating to our hypothesis. Fourth, we would have to collect appropriate data to measure the variables. Fifth, if the results of the analysis are not consistent with the problems, the hypothesis is rejected and the theory is false. Lastly, if the results are consistent then the theory is true. 3. Problem statement is analyzing the problems related to the hypothesis. By asking the correct problem statements, we can ensure that we can relate the problems to the hypothesis. Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction Course: Research Methodology (BT21603) Lecturer: Dr. Zakariya Belkhamza Name of Members| Matrix Numbers| Signatures| Rachael Ubu| BB11110489| | Nurul Hidayah Binti Ariff| BB11110460| | Annie Thien Li Len| BB11110055| | Nicole Chow Soo Yee| BB11110372| | Surianti Binti Abidin| BB11110579| | Khuzaimah Binti Mohd Nurung| BB11110242| | Jazmiah Jamaluddin| BB11110209| | Mazlinah Binti Majid| BB11110310| | Siti Munirah Bte Abd Malik| BB11160816| | Wang Qin| BB11170684| | 1. 0 Research Topic Factors that affect customer satisfaction in the hotel industry. 2. 0 Research BackgroundThe English word â€Å"hotel† derives from the French word hotel (coming from hote meaning host). It refers to a townhouse which is any building that is frequented by seeing visitors. A hotel is an establishment which provides lodging for a paid short term basis. Kotler (1996) defined customer satisfaction as â€Å"the level of a person’s felt state resulting from comparing a product’s perceive d performance or outcome in violation to his/her own expectations. † The importance of this study is to gain knowledge on customer satisfaction and the problems resulting in lack of customer satisfaction in the hotel industry.According to Alex Hisaka (2011), the importance of customer satisfaction can have an impact on your business and if you don’t start paying attention you’ll lose an opportunity to make a customer happy. Customer satisfaction with hotel properties has been identified as one of the factors leading to the success of a tourist destination (Shih, 1986; Yau and Chan, 1990; Stevens, 1992; Mok et al. , 1995). Research into customer satisfaction in the service industry has increased dramatically in recent years (Peterson and Wilson, 1992). Customer satisfaction has long been an rea of interest in academic research. Hunt (1975) considers satisfaction an evaluation on which the customer have experienced with the services is at least as good as it suppos ed to be. For demographic characteristic, nearly 46 percent of the respondents had stay at Medium- Tariff hotels, 42 percent at High-Tariff â€Å"B† hotels and 12 percent at High-Tariff â€Å"A† hotels. The finding clearly demonstrates that the services encounter or customer-employee interaction is a major determinant affecting travels’ perceptions in relation to service quality, resulting in their likelihood of returning to the same hotel. . 0 Customer Satisfaction Customer Satisfaction * Service Quality * Room Quality * Service Quality * Room Quality Research Framework 4. 1 Research Problem Hotel industries nowadays are facing one of the most important challenge is to provide and maintain customer satisfaction. Kandampully (2000) Service quality has become a factor important in the overall tourism experience and one which ultimately dictates the success of the tourism business. According to Lewis and Booms (1982), service quality is measure of how well the ser vice delivered matches customer’s expectations.A part from that, room qualities also becomes a factor that can influence customer satisfaction in the hotel industry. Room qualities are important considerations for travel in-lodging selection. It includes cleanliness of room, comfort of bed, and quality of in-room temperature control and quietness of room. (Knutson, 1988; Barsky and Labagh, 1992; McClearly and Weaver, 1992; Gilbert and Morris, 1995; Heung et al. , 1996). Positive relationship can make a higher commitment of customers and increase their rate of return.Long term relationship between customers and hotel is becoming more important as the positive correlation between overall satisfaction levels of visitors and their abilty to return to the same hotel. Since most previous research found out that most study on customer satisfaction in hotel industry focused in Hong Kong, United States and other European countries, where there’s a lack of Malaysian study focusi ng in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Therefore, this research will focus on customer satisfaction in hotel industry in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. 4. 0 Research Objective 1.To investigate the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction 2. To investigate the relationship between room quality and customer satisfaction References 1. Choi T. C and Chu. R, 2001, determinant of hotel guests’ satisfaction and repeat patronage in the Hong Kong hotels history. 2. K. s. (kayne) Chan, 1998, journal of hospitality and tourism research. Tutorial 1 Research Methodology 1) What research is all about? 2) Describe the characteristic of scientific method (What is scientific research? ) 3) What is problem statement? How to write a problem statement Answers 1.Research is about doing or making a study in a specific area of interest. According to Saunders, research is defined as something that people undertake in order to find things out in a systematic way, thereby increasing their knowledge. 2. Scientific research is the development of a theory that is then tested through a series of propositions. The characteristics of scientific research are that firstly, we would have to create a hypothesis about the relationship between two variables. Second characteristic is that by using the hypothesis, we would have to test it through a series of propositions.Thirdly, we would have to examine the logic of the hypothesis by comparing them with existing hypothesis relating to our hypothesis. Fourth, we would have to collect appropriate data to measure the variables. Fifth, if the results of the analysis are not consistent with the problems, the hypothesis is rejected and the theory is false. Lastly, if the results are consistent then the theory is true. 3. Problem statement is analyzing the problems related to the hypothesis. By asking the correct problem statements, we can ensure that we can relate the problems to the hypothesis.

Analysis of Female Characters in Shakespeare’s Othello

ANALYSIS OF FEMALE CHARACTERS IN OTHELLO In this paper I have tried to analyse the female characters of Shakespeare’s Othello in the light of Elizabethan Era, and status of women in 12th century, the age from which the character of Othello is taken. I have also discussed the status of woman in Christianity in Shakespearean times. The main purpose of this research article in the analyse the female characters of Othello that they were not different from the real life of Shakespearean times nor alien from the women of 12th Century.Othello a black Moor, a warrior, won many battles, becomes a victim of jealousy and conspiracy of Roderigo. Who hates Othello not due to racial prejudice but rather jealousy that Othello has won fair Desdemona (1-1) Shakespeare’s primary source for Othello was Un Capitano moro, (A Moorish Captain), one of the One hundred short stories in the collection. Gli Hecatommithi published by the Italian, Cinthio (web) (1566-Venice). Cinthio’s story provides the backbone for Shakespeare’s plot although he changed and introduced some minor characters e. ; Brabantio and Roderigo. In Cinthio’s episode Iago’s motive for revenge against Othello was that he loved Desdemona, who out rightly rejected his proposal. The tragedy of Othello takes place in Venice and Cypress, Iago uses Desdemona through Emilia and inflames a good man with jealousy. In the beginning of the play the seed of conflict are sown when Roderigo shouts in dark at Brabantio’s house, the news of Desdemona’s elopement that she: hath made a gross revolt, Tying her duty, beauty wit and fortunes.In an extravagant and wheeling stranger Of here and everywhere† Brabontio thinks that it was due to some black magic that was used by Othello, the black moor, we see that there are hints of hostility within the play about Othello’s Moorish origin and his differences in religion and culture when Othello relates his story of love befo re the Duke in the Venation Senate and he convinces all of them that he never used magic or drugs. Barbantio demands that Desdemona should testify, she affirms her duty to her father (I. iii) (179-180).Who gave her life and education, but asserts she has a higher duty than this to Othello, as he is her husband. My Noble Father I also perceive here a divided duty; To you I am bound for life and education; My life and education both do learn me How to respect you; your are the lord of duty; I am therefore your daughter; but here is my husband. (I. iii. 180-185) Desdemona is presented as a true Christian character possessing all the virtues of honourable woman. She respects her father, admits his love and vows to obey her husband. She suffers more than any other character of the play.Othello also loves Desdemona from his heart in the beginning and utters it as: But that I have the gentle Desdemona, I would not my unhoused free condition Put into circumscription and confine For the seaà ¢â‚¬â„¢s worth (I. ii. 25-28) The love of Othello is corrupted by Iago’s conspiracy and Othello is trapped in his jealousy inflamed by handkerchief plot. His loves turns him mad and he uses the weapon of violence against the fair Desdemona. His hate is so much for Desdemona that he says to Lodovico: Ay; you did wish that I would make her turns.Sir, she turns, and turns and yet go on, And turn again; and she can weep, sir, weep; And she is obedient, as you say obedient, Very obedient. (IV. iii 252-257) Thus Othello implies that Desdemona is available to Lodovico or to any one else, also, because she is as obedient that she can obey any one. What is the significance of handkerchief of Othello? In Othello there are two accounts of handkerchief, in the first Othello warms Desdemona that his handkerchief is love charm with â€Å"magic in the web† given to his mother by an Egyptian.In the record account Othello tells Grantiano it was â€Å"an antique token/ My father gave m y father†. Othello’s two different versions make readers/audience baffle that which one is true. The fatal handkerchief is very important in the play (Andrews) In the beginning in of the play Desdemona is shown as an adventurous spirit when her husband Othello is called for military duty in Cypress, she begs to go with him and cannot think of remaining alone at home without her husband. Even Othello woos Desdemona by telling adventurous stories of actions and danger.She heard all these tales with â€Å"Greedy ears† Desdemona wishes that â€Å"The leavens had made her a man like Othello† (I. iii) Desdemona is very expressive about her love for Othello she is bold and beautiful in expressing her love for Othello even before her father and the duke and she also openly announces that she will go to Cypress, which shows that she was pretty frank about her sexual desire for her husband. Desdemona suffers much more than any other character of the play. She is a g ood natured young and beautiful lady ,and possesses all good qualities and Christian virtues.Then why she suffers so much? Shakespearean conveys the possibility that God’s deeds in the play, a work that prompts playgoers to believe that she deserves happiness (her taking Cassio’s case as her own), directly leads to her death† (Hunt 2004). The character of Desdemona is that if an â€Å"ideal wife† as Carroll Camden calls her in Iago on woman (2004). In Othello Desdemona disobeying her, back chatting with Iago (II. i), lying Othello of her death (V. ii), admiring Lodovico as a â€Å"Proper Man† (IV. I) and pressing Cassio’s suit to Othello.It is important to note that several critics cite Desdemona for violating Elizabethan or Jacobean law and propriety by denying her father and running off with the Moor (Kolin). Desdemona is one the most beautiful heroines of Shakespeare, when Brabantio arrives to confront Othello, he says that if it is imposs ible that â€Å"a maid so tender, fair and happy† (I. ii 66). Would ever love a scary black man like Othello. Cassio describes her beauty â€Å"That paragon description and wild fame† (II. i), here he means to say that Desdemona is more beautiful than ny possible description of her beauty, more beautiful than the wildest story of any woman’s beauty. She is indeed the â€Å"most fresh and delicate creature† (II-iii-19). When Othello saw his handkerchief is Cassio’s hand, Iago encourages Othello’s murderous mood by reminding him that Cassio gave the precious handkerchief to his whore, Bianca. Iago continues to subtly increase Othello’s fury through his use of sexual innuendo as he tells Othello that â€Å"Cassio has the handkerchief and implies that he has confessed to sleeping with Desdemona† (Bate & Rasmussen 2009).Othello was still uncertain; his disjointed language shows the breakdown of his self-control (IV-i). He falls down unconscious as Cassio arrives and Iago tells him that Othello has epilepsy, warning that he breaks into savage madness if woken from fit. It is interesting to note in Othello, Shakespeare uses female characters through Iago for the downfall of Othello. The conspiracies are woven with the help of women. All the three woman characters of Othello and theare used against Othello. It is true that Othello is all male- world- play of Shakespeare.Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca are rejected by their male partners and all three love their men unselfishly, even when confronted by behavior that we would deem grounds for divorce at the very last. All the women are engaged to unequal partnerships. They feel more for their self-centered men than the men are capable for reciprocating. However, the women also display genuine emotions toward each other that is not reflected in any of the male characters. Besides Desdemona, Emilia is an important character, she is elder and cynical than Desdemona. She develops a close relationship with the young married Desdemona.They form a bond of relationship over husband trouble. It is interesting to note that Emilia’s one dishonest act towards Desdemona is the stealing of handkerchief, she did not know the plot of Iago, her act of stealing turns out to have devastating consequences. (IV ) Unfortunately Emilia’s little theft ends up causing her friend’s death. Emilia realizes the importance of handkerchief and when she discovers about Iago’s evil plot against Othello and she relives the truth. She washes the bad name of Desdemona. She also sacrifices her own life so that Desdemona won’t be remembered as a whore.Iago and Emilia are married but their relationship is not based on mutual understanding. Iago always talks trash about woman in general. Emilia is eager to please him. She steals Desdemona’s handkerchief in order to please Iago. â€Å"I nothing but to please his fantasy† (III-iiii). She tries to gratify Iago’s thirst for power and wishes without involving into any evil designs which are in Iago’s mind: who would not make her husband A cockold to make him a monarch? I should venture purgatory for. (IV-iii) Like Desdemona, Emilia craves for affection. She is very submissive like Desdemona and Bianca.It was common in the Elizabethan woman to be submissive and devoted to male figures whether father or husband. Emilia’s bitterness boils over in the final scene during which she says that husbands are usually to blame when their wives cheat on them. After all, men cheat on woman all the time. Why shouldn’t woman have an equal right to infidelity? Although, Shakespeare wrote Othello in the early 1600’s. Emilia’s monologue is about as close as we find in later feminist manifesto. Third female character is that of Bianca, a Venatian courtier, who is in love with Cassio.Cassio always uses her as a laughable nuisance. Bianca’s c haracter is very sympathetic and Cassio uses her for his sexual needs and treats her like a garbage. why is she presented as a prostitute in the play? when there are only three woman characters. Actually Venice was famous for prostitution and promiscuity. She is a foil to the chaste and ever fatithful Desdemona. But hardhearted soldier in Othello does not recognize the difference between these women. He is easily cheated by ‘gentle’ Iago that Desdemona is having extra-marital sex with Cassio.It is also very interesting that all three woman, Desdemona Emilia and Bianca, are accused at some point or another of being promiscuous Each one of these women are rejected by their male partners. It was an error of judgment on the part of Othello that he was not able to understated Iago’s plot to ruin Othello. The woman, especially Desdemona, suffers most in the play. Emilia and Bianca also suffer, and Othello takes revenge and kills Iago when he comes to know about the rea lity. The play ends with a great loss, the death of Desdemona is the most tragic one, because she was the â€Å"the sweetest innocent/that ever did lift up eye†. V-ii). In the fits of jealousy Othello was blind to all love and affections of a human being, he acts like a beast when he says: O, she was foul! I scarce did know your, uncle; there lies your niece. Whose breath indeed, these hands have newly stopped. I know this act shows horrible and given(5) Iago stabs Emilia and when Othello was told the truth of handkerchief and Iago’s plot by dying Emilia. Who announces the innocence of Desdemona to Othello: Moor, she was chaste; she loved three cruel Moor; So come my soul to bliss, as I speak true; So speaking as I think, I die, I die. (Dies)Othello was almost mad after knowing the truth, he comes to know that his wife was innocent, when Gratiano enters into the bedchamber he requests him: O cursed, cursed salve! Whip me, ye devils From the possession of this heavenly sight! Blow me about in words! Roast me in sulpher! Wash me in steep-down gulfs of liquid fire! O Desdemona! Dead, Desdemona! Dead! O! ( V-II) The agony and remorse of killing was felt at heart by poor Othello, he stabs himself and gives a proof to world that never allow jealousy over come reason and also washes all the stains from the name of beautiful Desdemona. Othello utters his last words: I kissed thee ere I killed thee: No way but this (falling upon Desdemona) Killing myself, to die upon a kiss. (Dies) ( V-ii) Lodovico, a kinsman to Brabantio, asks Gratiano, Brother to Brabantio. â€Å"Myself will straight aboard; and to the state This heavy act with heavy heart relate† (V- ii) References .Andrews, M. C. (2004). Honest Othello: The Handkerchief once More. Studies in English Literature. camden, C. (n. d. ). Iago on women. Hunt, M. (2004). Shakespeare's Religious Allusiveness. ashgate. Kolin, P. C. (n. d. ). Othello:new critical essays. Rasmussem, J. B. (2009). William s hakespeare. Palgrave Macmillan.

Ted Williams Career essays

Ted Williams Career essays His name is Theodore Samuel Williams, but to others he was known as The Kid, The Thumper, and The Splendid Splinter. Ted Williams, he played for the Boston Red Sox, and was one of Baseballs greatest hitters and the last player to have a seasons average of .400. He combined keen vision with quick wrists and a very scientific approach to hitting, to set numerous batting records, and become the best hitter in baseball, despite missing nearly five full seasons due to military service and two major injuries. He accomplished much in his years in the majors. Some of those things include a .406 season average in 1941, two Triple Crowns, two MVPs, six American league batting championships, 521 home runs, in which he joined the 500 Home Run Club, a lifetime average of .344, 18 All-Star Game selections, and fame world wide. Ted Williams stands 63 tall and weighs 205 pounds. He was born in San Diego, California, on August 30, 1918. He play baseball all his life. Through elemantry, middle, and in high school, he was the best ballplayer around. He was asked to join a the pros at the age of 17, But his mother would not let him because she wanted him to finish his studies at school. After he graduated from high school he joined the military. He went in to the Marines as a fighter pilot. Then when he finished after about two years in the military, he came back to baseball. He joined the joined the Major League Baseball and was picked up by the Boston Red Sox, and that was where he stayed for 19 years. Ted Williams may have been the greatest hitter of all-time. Hitting was what Ted did best. He had every tool a good hitter could want. He hit for power and average, which is remarkable. Very few hitters can hit for power and average at the same time. Power hitters are prone to strike out often, and contact hitters, which hit for average, do not often hit over 10 home runs a season. This is why ...